Guide To Writing Ivy League College Admission Essays With Excellent Examples

Guide To Writing Ivy League College Admission Essays With Excellent Examples Whether you have no idea where to start or are already polishing your common application, I can help you tell your story. By encouraging students to juxtapose a range of unexpected qualities, I help students convey the full range of who they are and all that inspires them. We’ve observed most students write a polished formal essay, yet submit a more casual short response. Give every part of the writing responses your best effort, presenting yourself in standard, formal English. Then, choose the essay topic that resonates most with you as a student. That enthusiasm will shine through in your writing, and hopefully “wow” the reader enough to convince them they have to have you at their school. The Common App essay requires you write between 250 and 650 words. Dan made time on weekends and late evenings to ensure our son got what needed to finish his essays. I have no words to express on how Dan treats each of his clients as his own family. Every admission essay writer is a highly qualified expert capable of creating a high-scoring college essay for you. By hiring our college admission essay writing professionals, you can forget about poorly written papers and enjoy ones of the highest quality. It’s vital that your personal essay reflects who you are, not who you think admissions officers want you to be. They’ve been doing this job for years; they’ve seen thousands of essays. The Educational Opportunity Fund program is open to eligible New Jersey residents. Interested students should review the eligibility requirements and select the EOF option on the Rutgers application. Students selecting the EOF option and submitting an undergraduate admissions application will then continue to the separate online Educational Opportunity Fund Application. Selected students will be invited to interview for a direct entry position. We hire only the most experienced and skilled writers. Therefore, you may wish to craft your response within an academic framework. A college admissions counselor does not want to read about your journey. We’re not suggesting that you need to explicitly hide affluence, and it’s not like you chose to be born into a wealthy family, but writing about things that flag privilege comes off as bragging. So if you beat the winter blues in Mexico, don’t force someone to read about it while they’re at their desk. When selecting team admission essay writers, we made sure to find the most competent narrow-discipline writers on the market. No need to leave the comfort of your home staying up late in the library, asking other candidates to help with admission, proofreading your admission essay. This personal statement writing service will help. Even the most difficult assignments will be completed with the quality to satisfy the most demanding client. Some of them are also lecturers at universities, prominent researchers, professors, or at least people who used to be Master’s students themselves. They all know what it’s like to sit an exam or even fail an exam, so they will make sure that you successfully complete your courses, get excellent exam results and relax even at the end of academic semesters. “I reached out to Dan late September when I found out that our son was struggling with his college application essays. In the 30 minutes he spent with us, both my son and I were impressed with Dan's approach. We feel really fortunate that Dan was able to accommodate us, despite being late and with a fast approaching deadline . If you’re ready to receive this fantastic gist - saved time and efforts, drop our service a line to order your task. Each student who completes an application for admission by the completion deadline will be considered for the appropriateacademic scholarshipfor the division indicated on the application. As you write your supplemental essay, you should keep in mind that it will be used by the scholarship committees in selecting the scholarship finalists. Essay FreelanceWriters does not endorse or condone any type of plagiarism. The writing team of admission essays is written of experts from all disciplines and thus have the eligibility to write on any subject and topic that the customer assigns them. The company enjoys a customer base of around 8,000 students across the globe, who confide in us and contact the company for aid in composing admission essays regularly. Many students face difficulties when trying to write down a captivating and well-presented admission essay.

Letter Of Admission

Letter Of Admission They were approachable, easy enough for a child to follow, and yet monumentally more vast, multifaceted, and meaningful than they appeared to me at the time. Even so, from a young age, I could tell a good book from a bad one. It wasn’t until my teenage years, however, that I could tell you what made these books good, or express what they meant in terms of almost anything but plot. My reaction to literature was largely emotionalâ€"I could sense the tones and vaguely grasp the meanings of the novels. I could not, however, decode them in a way that allowed their import to live on, linguistically, within me. The book, or so my dad told me, had been given to him as a gift from a patient, but he had never even opened it. Instead it had been reconciled to a life on the shelf, watching the world but not participating in it. The tone of each book seemed to have a distinctive resonance; they quickened different parts of my being. I was raised on Roald Dahl, J.D. Salinger, C.S. Lewis, John Steinbeck, and J.R.R Tolkien. More pieces of the puzzle left by my forbearers, both Jewish and German, fall into place. My first introduction to The Book Thief came when I plucked it from the bookshelf in my dad’s officeâ€"with permission, for I felt no desire to fulfill the irony of stealing a book about thievery. Fingers fumbling over the smooth cover and crisp spine, I prepared myself for a new journey. It had a distinct new-book smell, fresh and crisp and full of promise. Inside the front cover was scribbled a name, illegible. Reflect on a time when you questioned or challenged a belief or idea. Recount a time when you faced a challenge, setback, or failure. You might end by sharing something meaningful that that teacher said to you, or briefly summarizing how you grew as a person after taking their class. It's tempting to embellish or overstate what you've done when you're trying to make yourself stand apart from others. You should not do this in your essay under any circumstances. Don't say you've done something or been somewhere you haven't. Don't feel like you have to limit yourself to the five-paragraph intro, body, body, body, conclusion format. Choose the question that you think you can answer the most effectively. in fact, sometimes that kind of extravagance can be a little off-putting and it doesn’t tell your story. Don't use the same words over and over in your essay. Most word processing software has a “thesaurus” function. If you find you're repeating the same words, use it. In addition to excessive wordiness, check for unnecessary tangents. When you're drafting your essay, you may end up adding things you didn't originally plan on. Go through your essay and make sure these points serve the main purpose of your essay. After you've drafted your essay, walk away from it for a while. Once you come back to it, it can be easier to see where it needs editing, what you can keep, and what just doesn't work. A powerful closing statement is just as important as a good opener. Look for a way to connect the ending of your essay to the themes you presented at the beginning. What makes all these hooks stand out is the element of curiosity that forces readers to wonder how the entire story unfolds. Templates are an excellent means of understanding what form to fill your essay with and visualizing how your ideas will be arranged on paper. The Inclusion, Access, and Success and Government Relations Committees recently collaborated on a joint statement regarding important issues being debated in our nation. We encourage everyone to read this piece and get involved within the IACAC community and beyond. When it comes to telling your story and sharing how valuable your experience will be to a school, portray it in the format that will be the most attractive to the school. Don't limit yourself to reciting extracurriculars. When you're thinking about possible themes for your essay, remember that many applicants will have participated in the same groups and organizations as you have. To set yourself apart using the same things other people use will require some creativity. Some colleges or programs will give you several questions or prompts to choose from, or even give you the option of responding to more than one prompt. This is the central part in which you need to explain each thesis, give examples and reflect on life experiences. At this point, each paragraph should focus on a particular idea and be organized appropriately. How to arrange a massive swirl of ideas on a paper to make it look appealing and easily digestible? Without it, even the most remarkable topics and perfect grammar will not save the day.

How To Write A College Application Essay

How To Write A College Application Essay I have decided on Yale, but other option were good as well. We provide unlimited revisions with necessary edit operations, if necessary, until you approve the essay. You only have a couple of paragraphs to tell us about your experiences and goals. It's not necessary for you to repeat information that’s already elsewhere in your application. Current and alumni studentâ€"athletes share how a student organization facilitates dialogue about racial oppression. SU is again recognized as one of the “the best and most interesting” four-year colleges and universities. We consulted these works while writing this handout. Concentrate on explaining how those credentials and qualifications will lead to a successful future here. Submit it, and treat yourself to something nice â€" like your favorite film, a run, quality time with your dog or whatever it is that you enjoy. Ask people you trust for their feedback, but don’t let anyone else tell you how you should write it. This is your story, or some small but significant part of it, as told or reflected upon by you. Track the completion of your application in MyStatusâ€"see the Admission tab. Dimanche is the first Southwestern student-athlete to earn SCAC Man of the Year honors. Southwestern faculty reflect on how remote teaching might change how they teach in the classroom when campus life resumes this fall. Ever wonder what Southwestern professors do in their spare time? In an interview with Alicia Moore, associate professor of education, we learn that her talents and passions extend well beyond the classroom. SU is featured in the 2020 edition of The Princeton Review’s guide to best colleges for return on investment. For guidance on formatting citations, please see the UNC Libraries citation tutorial. For information on other aspects of the application process, you can consult the resources at University Career Services. This is not a comprehensive list of resources on the handout’s topic, and we encourage you to do your own research to find the latest publications on this topic. Please do not use this list as a model for the format of your own reference list, as it may not match the citation style you are using. Assess your credentials and your likelihood of getting into the program before you choose to take a risk. If you have little chance of getting in, try something daring. If you are almost certainly guaranteed a spot, you have more flexibility. In any case, make sure that you answer the essay question in some identifiable way. Just use an honest voice and represent yourself as naturally as possible. It may help to think of the essay as a sort of face-to-face interview, only the interviewer isn’t actually present. Your goals may changeâ€"show that such a change won’t devastate you. For studentâ€"athletes Ben Patterson ’17 and Michael Patterson ’17, the Southwestern Experience included a foray into entrepreneurship. Trombley is the first woman to hold the top leadership position at Texas’s first university. Chemistry major and cellist Sydney Seavey ’20 shares how she has found harmony in music and the path toward medical school. Think about why you and you particularly want to enter that field. What are the benefits and what are the shortcomings? When did you become interested in the field and why? This handout will help you write and revise the personal statement required by many graduate programs, internships, and special academic programs.

Guide To Writing Ivy League College Admission Essays With Excellent Examples

Guide To Writing Ivy League College Admission Essays With Excellent Examples Rice requires applicants to submit three short responses and an extended essay in addition to their Common App materials. Students applying to the School of Architecture will respond to two additional prompts in place of the extended essay. The Rice/Baylor Medical Scholars program requires a second application with three additional short essays. Improve your essay and impress admissions officers with our free Peer Essay Review. Avoid discussing taboo topics such as personal drug or alcohol use. If you are writing about a sensitive subject matter, do not include unnecessarily graphic or macabre details as they may isolate your reader. You don’t have to write about tragedy, like death, divorce, parent job loss, or abuse. This prompt uses adversity as a means to see your personal growth and development. Choose a topic that will allow you to illustrate that. Carefully choose the details you provide about your adverse experience. Write the draft of the essay, and give yourself time to reflect on it. This time of reflection and thinking about the essay can be the most rewarding. Put something on the page early, and think it over, and make changes without pressure of finishing under an impending deadline. College Admission Essays are an important part of being selected to college in the admission process. other ways to research a college for this type of essay, so you can write the strongest response possible. Want to learn what Rice University will actually cost you based on your income? And how long your application to the school should take? Here’s what every student considering Rice University needs to know. Imagine that each school has a unique character that you’re aligning yourself with. The admission essay isn’t terribly time consuming, but you want to not be rushed. Writing an outline may look a waste of time if you already understand what you are likely to write about. So even if all the revising and nitpicking on the college essay may not help your kid get into college, it will almost certainly make him or her a better writer. Is there a specific place to write the essay and is there a prompt, the common app doesn’t have a location to attach a personal essay. There is a word-count requirement, so make sure you stay within it. For the actual content, read each sentence by itself, and see if you can say what you mean with less words, and not being overly wordy. Then read the context, and see if you’re fully conveying what you mean. Give the essay some time after you’ve written it, and come back to it and read it anew. The idea is to be the key to their lock, and that you’re conveying a proper fit to their school in particular. As such, send unique essays for every school in which you apply. Remember that the ultimate focus of this prompt is your perseverance, not a detailed account of your suffering. Rice’s Residential College System randomly places students in one of eleven colleges and the majority of students live in their college for all four years. Rice considers diversity of perspective and experience fundamental to the Residential College System, so your response should demonstrate how you would contribute to this system and the broader Rice community. As I got to know him better through our frequent email exchanges, I soon discovered that he had a great sense of humor, in addition to genuine sensitivity. When we began discussing ideas for essays, I encouraged him to choose a seemingly mundane event from his everyday life and develop it using his unique humor. Here are 10 tips for how best to accomplish the essay that will help you get accepted. Discover schools, understand your chances, and get expert admissions guidance â€" for free. Your essay does not depend on having an intensely adverse experience, as not everyone will have had one.

Writing The College Essay

Writing The College Essay Reading Jane Eyre gave me a vocabulary with which to contemplate my own principles. I find it useful to see my own traits and philosophies in a character, where I can examine them with greater clarity than if I were peering directly into my own mind. I finished re-reading the book in late December and the experience was well timed. This gives me hope that every individual holds ultimate power over her or his own life. They can decide if it is most meaningful to live with dignity, or with kindness, or with passion. If the world seems incomprehensible, that is because you are not fully awake. Depression, like a dream, is only a facsimile of a better existence. C.S. Lewis himself was a big fan of Plato; his works were the key that allowed me to decipher the meaning encoded in the Plato that I had read. His ability to so perfectly enunciate why we must never lose hope, and always struggle towards the ideal. As a result, my grades suffered and I’ve spent most of my time in math class frustrated, confused, and upset. My teachers, although they tried, were unable to explain things to me and I, to be fair, was not great at listening to their explanations. The only time I loved math was sophomore year when we did proofs. They were puzzles and fascinating in a way that other math wasn’t. He said only understanding yourself and your enemy guarantees victory. The end of the book, and thus the Narnia series, is death. Just death, of everyone and everything, as Aslan, the Jesus-like lion and creator of Narnia, leads the dead spirits of all Narnians, including most of the main characters, to…Narnia. Where, as the characters describe, the world was exactly the same as Narnia…but Truer. It was a simple interpretation of heaven, but it struck me. Like waking up from a dream to realize a truer, better world, the Narnians were led to the truest and most awoken state. It is a simple parable that reminds of Plato’s Allegory of the Cave, where one man emerges from a lifetime of staring at shadows dancing on a cave wall to a real and vibrant and three-dimensional world. I had read Plato’s Republic, his Allegory of the Cave, and various dialogues in my sophomore year; I was surprisingly only finishing the Narnia series in my junior year. This helped me to better understand what numbers are and that I had not appreciated all of the work that had gone into defining them for our use today. In this way they were Socrates-- and I was the student who ended up understanding more than I anticipated, or was expected to, because of the way I was carefully led by the author and his characters. There are no other works that best exemplify that power of words and ideas have had on my life and my outlook on it. He said winning without fighting is the greatest victory. I think we can’t resolve conflicts, avoid wars, or maintain stability without understanding ourselves and our neighbors. I think understanding is more important than ever, because people of almost any culture can be found in almost every country. Some of our neighbors have F1 visas and sit next to us in school. Some of our neighbors become citizens of our country and permanently change and enrich our national identity. I, all artists, and those seeking some sort of universal truth, must try to achieve that purest, most visceral understanding. That idea, presented in Plato’s work, had not yet become clear to me, until I finished reading The Last Battle. It was as if the world finally came to terms with your mind. Western military personnel and aid workers are side-by-side with tribal fighters and indigenous community leaders, combating terrorism, lawlessness, and poverty. We are becoming a rich gumbo, not a homogenous puree. Rowling’s Harry Potter series was published, I was in third grade. My family bought three copies so my mom, my dad and I could all read it immediately. Rowling’s stories about a boy growing up, having misadventures and facing his destiny enraptured me, but the real witchcraft was in her words. Eventually the couple is able to guide themselves into ever more elaborate notations as they attempt to build proofs to solidify these connected ideas about numbers. The book goes surprisingly far into defining numbers, including advanced concepts such as infinitesimals and the different levels of infinity.

Assistance On College Admissions Essays

Assistance On College Admissions Essays And even if the author were to evidence this passion through actions and details, the repetition of one theme without expansion could still weaken the essay. If you choose to write this kind of story about overcoming failure or a profound difficulty (financial, emotional, physical, etc.), don’t forget to focus significantly on the “lesson” part. Speaking of narrative structure, when you include the basic plot elements of setting, introduction, conflict, and resolution, not only will your essay be more fun to read, it will be easier to write. And when writing is easier, you are usually having more fun and pouring more of yourself into your writing. Sooooooo…do you think this person just might enjoy ballet? That much is clear from the startâ€"but it could have been demonstrated by including details that showthis passion rather than simplytellingabout it. Our seasoned will write brilliant essays within shortest time possible. we understand how important it is no one knows that you ordered your admission essay online. Rest assured â€" your personal information will be kept secret. To achieve this goal, one needs to assure that an admission essay distinguishes him from other candidates. you just need to place an order and provide us with basic instructions; our service will take the rest upon ourselves. In school, you were probably encouraged to write papers that took a side. That’s fine in academic work when you’re being asked to argue in support of a position, but in a personal essay, you want to express more nuanced thinking and explore your own clashing emotions. Both applications include essay prompts for your personal essay. In addition to the personal essay, we also require the Stanford Questions, which you can access in either application once you add Stanford University to your list of colleges. You must submit the Stanford Questions online through the Coalition or Common Application. Wordvice provides high-quality English proofreading and editing services.We have helped thousands of researchers, students, writers, and businesses maximize the impact of their writing. we write each essay from scratch by our admission experts. 100% requirements compliance, high-quality writing, catchy and remarkable content are guaranteed. It is sometimes difficult do understand what to write about, what structure to follow, what points to focus on. That’s why our admission essay samples can be your source of fresh ideas and inspiration. Besides, it is a way easier to select a writer who will write for you after having read his work samples. And remember those exhausted admissions officers sitting around a table in the winter. Jolt them out of their sugar coma and give them something to be excited about. The final grammar and tense check for your college admission essay is done by you reading it out loud. Also, while reading it out loud, check if the paragraphs have a consistency and flow. Since your college admission essay determines whether you get accepted or not, it should be written masterfully and carefully. This article is a guide on how to write a good admission essay, with a number of tips on how to make it even better. We will assign this order to jurisprudence expert who knows what is important to write about to enroll at a law school. Instead, look at times you’ve struggled or, even better, failed. Once you commit the time and emotional energy to get your butt in the chair to write, you face a daunting task â€" figuring out what to write about. With so much freedom, this is a challenge for most students. You can also have another person read through the essay and give you an opinion on whether there are any mistakes that you have missed.

Admissions Essay Samples, Personal Statement Of Purpose Samples From 10+ Colleges

Admissions Essay Samples, Personal Statement Of Purpose Samples From 10+ Colleges Admissions essays are one of the most important essays you will write. Get it right and you will be rolling in offers from top colleges and universities. Get it wrong and you might find yourself being wait listed or turned down altogether. Most applicants don’t need to submit a coursework exemption form. Students who attend a Department of Defense high school who are not exempt based on test scores should also submit a form. It will be used in determining qualification for automatic admission. When ordering an essay from our personal statement writing service, you benefit within many ways. You receive a high-quality essay that is 100% plagiarism free and written from scratch. We are able to cope with even toughest deadlines, so you will not be late with the essay. If you want to have prosperous future, enroll at a prestigious college/ university, our service ready to write an admission essay. Your reader will appreciate your mixing things up. Do not lieâ€"not only do we mean not exaggerating stories about yourself. If you don’t have a black belt in Muay Thai kickboxing, don’t say you do in your essay. The topic of your essay does not really matter, as long as you avoid the over-used topics- i.e. scoring the winning goal, my summer of community service. Other topics that might be considered “inappropriate” touch on Sex, Religion and Politics. You do not want to inadvertently offend your reader, so you need to also curb your use of “taboo” language. Your essay should be one that only you could write- it needs to reflect who you are. Better to impress admission with your personal qualities. Do you know how easy it is to find out the truth about other people from their social media profiles? An admissions officers can fact check you just as easily. Make a planâ€"it may be tempting to dive in and write, like pulling off a bandage. Be sure you have a main idea you want to get across and that it’s present throughout the essay. What is the point of your story; what one thing do you want to make sure the reader gets from the piece? Most application essays are required to be pretty short, anywhere from 200 to 900 words. You want to make the best use of that limited number of words, so you should map out what you want your essay to look like in some form. That may be a traditional outline, or it may be just a matter of breaking the essay into pieces and working on it one section at a time. While the personal essay has to be personal, a reader can learn a lot about you from whatever you choose to focus on and how you describe it. A great admissions essay is one that follows the guidelines set out by the admissions board and tells them why they want you. Collegebasics.com goes on to suggest write that you can make an admissions essay interesting by writing it like a piece of fiction or an autobiography. As compelling as someone else’s life story may be, it’s not for you to use. You can quote someone in your writing, and if there are quotes that are meaningful to you, you should. Everything you write should be true, with evidence to back it up, and the vast majority of what you write should be your own words. Challenge the reader by speaking directly to him/her. put the reader in medias res, that is, in the middle of things. If what you write is logical, easy to follow, and phrased correctly, you can afford to experiment with your delivery.

Admission Essay Writing Service Increase Your Chance Of Admission

Admission Essay Writing Service Increase Your Chance Of Admission You don’t want the admissions team to think less of your essay for one or two silly, fixable mistakes, after all. As part of our ongoing college admission essay series, we’re here to provide some tips, tricks, and mindsets that will help making writing that essay easier, and hopefully produce better end results! Here are the do’s and don’ts of writing your college admission essay. At Villanova, we view our essay as a unique opportunity for students to move beyond the transcript and introduce the individual behind the application. The admissions essay is required of first-year applicants. Essays must be included in the space provided on the application and submitted on the application form. Be sure to clear any formatting before pasting your essay into the online application. If you do not clear formatting, the punctuation in your essay may change. We'll keep you up to date with college admissions advice, study tips, and information about Elite programs. We promise not to share your info with anyone else, and you can unsubscribe any time. Give your essay to someone else so they can edit it with fresh eyes. You may address editing services such as write my essay to structure your paper in the most relevant and favorable way. We have a team of competent academic writers who can write any kind of academic papers, dissertations, motivation letters, cover letters, or admission essays for you. By offering competitively priced college essay services and generous discounts, we strive to make our products affordable to as many students as possible. As a first-time customer, you qualify for a 20% price adjustment and a 25% discount on your next order. Many students have complaints about other academic writing companies being too slow in responding to their inquiries. You don't have to wait for hours to be able to use our essay writing service. If you've got a query you want promptly answered, you can use either a live chat or private message board. Please choose one of the essay topics below, limiting your response to about 300 words. (Include your name and date of birth on your essay.) You might want to read our essay writing and application tips first. Avoid merely listing reasons you want to become a design student; instead, focus on efforts you made towards achieving your goal. If you structure your personal story appropriately, the admission committee will clearly see the point and believe that you are a great candidate. Our team of customer support specialists will get in touch with you within seconds and answer all the questions you have. Not only will that commitment result in a better-written, more personalized college essay, but it could also change the student’s perception of the value and function of writing. In general, concise, straightforward writing is best, and good essays are often words in length. Overall, to succeed in writing a winning admission essay, outline your goals and demonstrate a genuine desire to become a design student. Secondly, make sure the paper has no grammar and stylistic mistakes by proofreading the paper or addressing some cheap essay writing service. You will create an outstanding paper if you show your real passion and engagement. If you do not want your essay to sound impersonal and primitive, try to outline some story that influenced your desire to become a design student. Villanova requires applicants to submit both their Common Application essay and two short Villanova Essays. The two supplemental responses must be different from the response shared in the Common Application essay section. Due to the uncertainty of future test dates and availability of standardized tests, Rutgers will make submission of SAT and ACT test scores optional for students applying for spring or fall 2021 admission. If you are unable to submit a test score, or choose not to, you will still receive full admission consideration. Students who want to submit a standardized test score with their application for 2021 admission may still do so. Our college admission essay writers are very diligent with their work. Before starting to write your paper, they do not only do extensive research but also adjust to your academic level (undergraduate/graduate/postgraduate) and check your syllabus. We are a top application essay writing service on the market, offering you the expertise of the best and most experienced writers at below-market prices. All applicants are encouraged to submit a personal essay with their application for admissions.

College Admission Essay

College Admission Essay Simply asserting that you have what the university is looking for is not convincing; anyone could make the same claim as plausibly as you if you don't back up your claims with evidence. Stating that you believe in integrity, for example, is an easy claim that's made by thousands of politicians and used car salespeople every year. If you want to demonstrate your integrity, share a story that illustrates how you passed up an opportunity to exploit an advantage that was unfairly gained. Claiming that you have good study habits is another empty claim. Thesaurus abuse is a lazy and easily spotted trick, and seasoned admissions officers will see right through it. If you feel that you're overusing a particular word, think of alternatives on your own without consulting a thesaurus; using words that you're familiar with will help you avoid misusing them. When tailoring responses to individual college prompts, it’s important to use specific details you’ve learned through visiting and research. Not only does this show colleges that you’ve have done your homework, but it also demonstrates your interest in the college â€" and colleges want to admit students who are likely to enroll. Detailing the exact study habits that have helped you succeed in school, backed up with the GPA on your application, carries much more weight. Using words in your essay that you don't typically use in your daily conversations can sound awkward and forced. Words have nuance to them, and simply inserting a word from the thesaurus is a great way to destroy that nuance. Admission Boards do not have the time for long and winded illustrations and examples. A good topic is essential for the essay, especially if it is to catch the eye of the reader. The same process which was used to select English essay topics can be used to select admission topics as well. They don’t want a collection of copycats all doing the same thing in their respective high schools. Your essay should show something that is unique; a demonstration of a distinctive quality that no other student may choose to offer. Essay topics range from very specific to open-ended. Our writers will ensure that your essay is written in the proper manner for you to be selected into the desired school. This part is like your last word and last chance to prove you deserve to become a student of the college or university of your dream. This is not a full list of academic admission essays topic samples. Essays for admission need to be written in the proper manner. You have to use proper words, proper grammar and write in a positive manner. This essay can be written as a persuasive essay although it should be said to keep the persuasion at a minimum. Show your knowledge of the college by mentioning specific courses, professors, places of interest, and more. Show how you fit into the campus culture and how you will impact the community through specific examples. This final step will likely take much longer than writing the entire essay. You may have to revise several times before your essay delivers your message perfectly. Line up your scenes in chronological order so that the story is easy to follow. Their goal is to pull together a certain mix of people. As you go through your revision keep these basic guidelines in mind. It’s time for you to narrow down your options for an essay topic and begin to build your story. At this point you already have all the information you need to create a powerful essay but now you need to start building it. Remember, that every story has a main plot, a few characters that the reader can connect with, and a slow build up to the climax. This is the same approach you need to use in your essay. When you have a limited amount of space, you don’t want to give precious real estate to someone else’s words. Some applications may require one or more essays to be completed, while others make essays optional or supplementary.

College Admission Essay

College Admission Essay Simply asserting that you have what the university is looking for is not convincing; anyone could make the same claim as plausibly as you if you don't back up your claims with evidence. Stating that you believe in integrity, for example, is an easy claim that's made by thousands of politicians and used car salespeople every year. If you want to demonstrate your integrity, share a story that illustrates how you passed up an opportunity to exploit an advantage that was unfairly gained. Claiming that you have good study habits is another empty claim. Thesaurus abuse is a lazy and easily spotted trick, and seasoned admissions officers will see right through it. If you feel that you're overusing a particular word, think of alternatives on your own without consulting a thesaurus; using words that you're familiar with will help you avoid misusing them. When tailoring responses to individual college prompts, it’s important to use specific details you’ve learned through visiting and research. Not only does this show colleges that you’ve have done your homework, but it also demonstrates your interest in the college â€" and colleges want to admit students who are likely to enroll. Detailing the exact study habits that have helped you succeed in school, backed up with the GPA on your application, carries much more weight. Using words in your essay that you don't typically use in your daily conversations can sound awkward and forced. Words have nuance to them, and simply inserting a word from the thesaurus is a great way to destroy that nuance. Admission Boards do not have the time for long and winded illustrations and examples. A good topic is essential for the essay, especially if it is to catch the eye of the reader. The same process which was used to select English essay topics can be used to select admission topics as well. They don’t want a collection of copycats all doing the same thing in their respective high schools. Your essay should show something that is unique; a demonstration of a distinctive quality that no other student may choose to offer. Essay topics range from very specific to open-ended. Our writers will ensure that your essay is written in the proper manner for you to be selected into the desired school. This part is like your last word and last chance to prove you deserve to become a student of the college or university of your dream. This is not a full list of academic admission essays topic samples. Essays for admission need to be written in the proper manner. You have to use proper words, proper grammar and write in a positive manner. This essay can be written as a persuasive essay although it should be said to keep the persuasion at a minimum. Show your knowledge of the college by mentioning specific courses, professors, places of interest, and more. Show how you fit into the campus culture and how you will impact the community through specific examples. This final step will likely take much longer than writing the entire essay. You may have to revise several times before your essay delivers your message perfectly. Line up your scenes in chronological order so that the story is easy to follow. Their goal is to pull together a certain mix of people. As you go through your revision keep these basic guidelines in mind. It’s time for you to narrow down your options for an essay topic and begin to build your story. At this point you already have all the information you need to create a powerful essay but now you need to start building it. Remember, that every story has a main plot, a few characters that the reader can connect with, and a slow build up to the climax. This is the same approach you need to use in your essay. When you have a limited amount of space, you don’t want to give precious real estate to someone else’s words. Some applications may require one or more essays to be completed, while others make essays optional or supplementary.

Application Guide

Application Guide Professor Mitchell obtained a grant to take a class of students to Belgium in order to study the EU. This course revealed a direct correlation between what I had studied in the classroom with the real world. After spending several weeks studying the EU, its history and present movement towards integration, the class flew to Brussels where we met with officials and proceeded to learn firsthand how the EU functioned. My inclination towards the varied is not contained to my food habitsâ€"it is a recurring theme throughout my life. I regularly switch from my mom’s house to my dad’s. I have a fifteen-year-old sister and a two-year-old brother. It’s a chance to add depth to something that is important to you and tell the admissions committee more about your background or goals. Luckily, I rekindled my love for climbing in high school, and now cannot imagine life without it. My passion for climbing is fueled by the adrenaline that pumps through my veins. I strive to become fluent in Spanish; traveling the world is a dream of mine. Recently, I have discovered that I really like to code; I’m sure in the coming years I will explore things I didn’t know I was interested in. To a casual onlooker, this question may appear inconsequential in its hypothetical nature, but as they say; you are what you eat. The model comparison course was not only the most challenging course I have taken as an undergraduate, but the most important. As the sole undergraduate in the course and only college algebra under my belt, I felt quite intimidated. Yet, the rigors of the class compelled me to expand my thinking and learn to overcome any insecurities and deficits in my education. The effort paid off as I earned not only an ‘A’ in the course, but also won the T.O.P.S. award in statistics. This award is given to the top undergraduate student with a demonstrated history of success in statistics. Being part of the rock climbing community has helped me develop my social skills. I grew up scaling the tallest trees I could find, desiring the highest vantage point. Growing up in the uniformly flat state of Florida, I was limited in my upward journey. Test scores only tell part of your story, and we want to know more than just how well you work. Take a look at our college essay samplesto get an idea of what colleges are looking for in your essay. Our vision is to be the company that best recognizes and serves the needs of international students around the world. Additionally, my attendance would allow the Political Science department to make a more accurate determination on how well I would fit in to the program than from solely my graduate school application. This fall I will embark on writing an additional honors thesis in political science. While the precise topic of my thesis is undecided, I am particularly interested in Mexico and its development towards a more democratic government. Minoring in Spanish, I have read various pieces of literature from Mexico and have come to respect Mexico and Latin American culture and society. I look forward to conducting this research as it will have a more qualitative tilt than my thesis in psychology, therefore granting an additional understanding of research methodology. I love to play viola; I get a rush communicating without-words to my quartet members in order to convey a musical message. I am at my happiest reading a good book; their complex stories captivate me and I aspire to write a novel of my own. I want to make laws that improve my country; all people should have a shot at the American dream. My interest in attending the University of Rochester in particular, relates to my first semester at OU and the opportunity to take an introductory course in statistics with the now retired Dr. Larry Miller. Through the combination of a genuine appreciation and knack for statistics and with his encouragement, I proceeded to take his advanced statistics class as well as the first graduate level statistics course at OU. I continued my statistical training by completing the second graduate statistics course on model comparisons with Dr. Roger Johnson, a Professor in the Psychology Department. I am passionate about protecting the environment; reducing our effect on global-warming is of the utmost importance to me. I want to help those in need; people still don’t have access to clean water and I want to use my privilege to help change that.

Application Guide

Application Guide Professor Mitchell obtained a grant to take a class of students to Belgium in order to study the EU. This course revealed a direct correlation between what I had studied in the classroom with the real world. After spending several weeks studying the EU, its history and present movement towards integration, the class flew to Brussels where we met with officials and proceeded to learn firsthand how the EU functioned. My inclination towards the varied is not contained to my food habitsâ€"it is a recurring theme throughout my life. I regularly switch from my mom’s house to my dad’s. I have a fifteen-year-old sister and a two-year-old brother. It’s a chance to add depth to something that is important to you and tell the admissions committee more about your background or goals. Luckily, I rekindled my love for climbing in high school, and now cannot imagine life without it. My passion for climbing is fueled by the adrenaline that pumps through my veins. I strive to become fluent in Spanish; traveling the world is a dream of mine. Recently, I have discovered that I really like to code; I’m sure in the coming years I will explore things I didn’t know I was interested in. To a casual onlooker, this question may appear inconsequential in its hypothetical nature, but as they say; you are what you eat. The model comparison course was not only the most challenging course I have taken as an undergraduate, but the most important. As the sole undergraduate in the course and only college algebra under my belt, I felt quite intimidated. Yet, the rigors of the class compelled me to expand my thinking and learn to overcome any insecurities and deficits in my education. The effort paid off as I earned not only an ‘A’ in the course, but also won the T.O.P.S. award in statistics. This award is given to the top undergraduate student with a demonstrated history of success in statistics. Being part of the rock climbing community has helped me develop my social skills. I grew up scaling the tallest trees I could find, desiring the highest vantage point. Growing up in the uniformly flat state of Florida, I was limited in my upward journey. Test scores only tell part of your story, and we want to know more than just how well you work. Take a look at our college essay samplesto get an idea of what colleges are looking for in your essay. Our vision is to be the company that best recognizes and serves the needs of international students around the world. Additionally, my attendance would allow the Political Science department to make a more accurate determination on how well I would fit in to the program than from solely my graduate school application. This fall I will embark on writing an additional honors thesis in political science. While the precise topic of my thesis is undecided, I am particularly interested in Mexico and its development towards a more democratic government. Minoring in Spanish, I have read various pieces of literature from Mexico and have come to respect Mexico and Latin American culture and society. I look forward to conducting this research as it will have a more qualitative tilt than my thesis in psychology, therefore granting an additional understanding of research methodology. I love to play viola; I get a rush communicating without-words to my quartet members in order to convey a musical message. I am at my happiest reading a good book; their complex stories captivate me and I aspire to write a novel of my own. I want to make laws that improve my country; all people should have a shot at the American dream. My interest in attending the University of Rochester in particular, relates to my first semester at OU and the opportunity to take an introductory course in statistics with the now retired Dr. Larry Miller. Through the combination of a genuine appreciation and knack for statistics and with his encouragement, I proceeded to take his advanced statistics class as well as the first graduate level statistics course at OU. I continued my statistical training by completing the second graduate statistics course on model comparisons with Dr. Roger Johnson, a Professor in the Psychology Department. I am passionate about protecting the environment; reducing our effect on global-warming is of the utmost importance to me. I want to help those in need; people still don’t have access to clean water and I want to use my privilege to help change that.

Application Guide

Application Guide Professor Mitchell obtained a grant to take a class of students to Belgium in order to study the EU. This course revealed a direct correlation between what I had studied in the classroom with the real world. After spending several weeks studying the EU, its history and present movement towards integration, the class flew to Brussels where we met with officials and proceeded to learn firsthand how the EU functioned. My inclination towards the varied is not contained to my food habitsâ€"it is a recurring theme throughout my life. I regularly switch from my mom’s house to my dad’s. I have a fifteen-year-old sister and a two-year-old brother. It’s a chance to add depth to something that is important to you and tell the admissions committee more about your background or goals. Luckily, I rekindled my love for climbing in high school, and now cannot imagine life without it. My passion for climbing is fueled by the adrenaline that pumps through my veins. I strive to become fluent in Spanish; traveling the world is a dream of mine. Recently, I have discovered that I really like to code; I’m sure in the coming years I will explore things I didn’t know I was interested in. To a casual onlooker, this question may appear inconsequential in its hypothetical nature, but as they say; you are what you eat. The model comparison course was not only the most challenging course I have taken as an undergraduate, but the most important. As the sole undergraduate in the course and only college algebra under my belt, I felt quite intimidated. Yet, the rigors of the class compelled me to expand my thinking and learn to overcome any insecurities and deficits in my education. The effort paid off as I earned not only an ‘A’ in the course, but also won the T.O.P.S. award in statistics. This award is given to the top undergraduate student with a demonstrated history of success in statistics. Being part of the rock climbing community has helped me develop my social skills. I grew up scaling the tallest trees I could find, desiring the highest vantage point. Growing up in the uniformly flat state of Florida, I was limited in my upward journey. Test scores only tell part of your story, and we want to know more than just how well you work. Take a look at our college essay samplesto get an idea of what colleges are looking for in your essay. Our vision is to be the company that best recognizes and serves the needs of international students around the world. Additionally, my attendance would allow the Political Science department to make a more accurate determination on how well I would fit in to the program than from solely my graduate school application. This fall I will embark on writing an additional honors thesis in political science. While the precise topic of my thesis is undecided, I am particularly interested in Mexico and its development towards a more democratic government. Minoring in Spanish, I have read various pieces of literature from Mexico and have come to respect Mexico and Latin American culture and society. I look forward to conducting this research as it will have a more qualitative tilt than my thesis in psychology, therefore granting an additional understanding of research methodology. I love to play viola; I get a rush communicating without-words to my quartet members in order to convey a musical message. I am at my happiest reading a good book; their complex stories captivate me and I aspire to write a novel of my own. I want to make laws that improve my country; all people should have a shot at the American dream. My interest in attending the University of Rochester in particular, relates to my first semester at OU and the opportunity to take an introductory course in statistics with the now retired Dr. Larry Miller. Through the combination of a genuine appreciation and knack for statistics and with his encouragement, I proceeded to take his advanced statistics class as well as the first graduate level statistics course at OU. I continued my statistical training by completing the second graduate statistics course on model comparisons with Dr. Roger Johnson, a Professor in the Psychology Department. I am passionate about protecting the environment; reducing our effect on global-warming is of the utmost importance to me. I want to help those in need; people still don’t have access to clean water and I want to use my privilege to help change that.

College Application Essay Examples Admission Essay Topics

College Application Essay Examples Admission Essay Topics If you’re still not satisfied with either of your Common App essays, you can try for a third idea. Try to go a completely different direction with this essay. Meet with Alex one-on-one via video chat to talk about your son/daughter’s admissions plan. Afterwards, receive a no-obligation Customized College Roadmap with advice on courses, extracurricular activities, standardized tests, and Admissions Angle strategy. Structure your writing in a way that allows the reader to draw his or her own conclusions. Write about something unique and differentâ€"not just what you think the admissions officer wants to hear . In light of challenges presented by COVID-19, Princeton will suspend its standardized testing requirement and move to one application deadline for the first-year admission cycle. This is one of many pieces of information we consider in reviewing your application. Your responses can only add value to the application. Different prompt, different organization, different anecdote and message. If the essay is too similar to the previous one, you probably won’t ever one of these drafts ,and it will be somewhat a waste of time. Get accepted to your top choice university with your outstanding essay. Our essay strategy is applied to all your essays and short answers. An admission decision will not be based on this section alone. Although you will not be evaluated on grammar, spelling or sentence structure, you should proofread your work and make sure your writing is clear. FLEX Tutoring provides personalized assistance to build skills, improve grades, and get you into your dream school. Stellar Results We help 95% our students get into at least one of their top 3 choices. Rice University awards transfer credit for International Baccalaureate examinations for students who hold the International Baccalaureate Diploma and have obtained a score of 6 or 7 on higher level exams. Grammatical and spelling errors can be distracting to the reader and get in the way of what you’re trying to communicate. Your writing lets us get to know you and we read every word. Your essays should help us understand those intangibles that can't easily be reflected in a resume. Your sense of humor, your passion, your intellectual curiosity, your self-awareness, or social awareness, or some mix of these. The Common App offers a variety of topics to choose from for your personal statement as well as access to Dartmouth's supplemental essay prompts. Get feedback and finalize your first batch of regular decision essays. All essay prompts should be released by this point, so there’s no need to hold back anymore. This should be the month that you get as much work done as possible. For any essays that you wrote with the incorrect prompt, don’t throw them away. They can oftentimes be used to address other, more flexible supplemental essay prompts later on. To be safe, you can save your essay in a PDF format that cannot be edited. Using the online application form, you may be required to enter your essay into a designated online space or box. The essay prompt is there to give you ideas of what to write about. Do not enter the prompt as a header on your essay. You will not be able to tell your entire life story in a 650-word essay, so pick one story that exemplifies how you came to be the unique person you are today and use that as your essay theme. Essay application instructions will indicate which files types are accepted or supported. Check to make sure you are using the appropriate version of Microsoft Word, for example, and submit the file with the correct file extension.

College Application Essay Examples Admission Essay Topics

College Application Essay Examples Admission Essay Topics If you’re still not satisfied with either of your Common App essays, you can try for a third idea. Try to go a completely different direction with this essay. Meet with Alex one-on-one via video chat to talk about your son/daughter’s admissions plan. Afterwards, receive a no-obligation Customized College Roadmap with advice on courses, extracurricular activities, standardized tests, and Admissions Angle strategy. Structure your writing in a way that allows the reader to draw his or her own conclusions. Write about something unique and differentâ€"not just what you think the admissions officer wants to hear . In light of challenges presented by COVID-19, Princeton will suspend its standardized testing requirement and move to one application deadline for the first-year admission cycle. This is one of many pieces of information we consider in reviewing your application. Your responses can only add value to the application. Different prompt, different organization, different anecdote and message. If the essay is too similar to the previous one, you probably won’t ever one of these drafts ,and it will be somewhat a waste of time. Get accepted to your top choice university with your outstanding essay. Our essay strategy is applied to all your essays and short answers. An admission decision will not be based on this section alone. Although you will not be evaluated on grammar, spelling or sentence structure, you should proofread your work and make sure your writing is clear. FLEX Tutoring provides personalized assistance to build skills, improve grades, and get you into your dream school. Stellar Results We help 95% our students get into at least one of their top 3 choices. Rice University awards transfer credit for International Baccalaureate examinations for students who hold the International Baccalaureate Diploma and have obtained a score of 6 or 7 on higher level exams. Grammatical and spelling errors can be distracting to the reader and get in the way of what you’re trying to communicate. Your writing lets us get to know you and we read every word. Your essays should help us understand those intangibles that can't easily be reflected in a resume. Your sense of humor, your passion, your intellectual curiosity, your self-awareness, or social awareness, or some mix of these. The Common App offers a variety of topics to choose from for your personal statement as well as access to Dartmouth's supplemental essay prompts. Get feedback and finalize your first batch of regular decision essays. All essay prompts should be released by this point, so there’s no need to hold back anymore. This should be the month that you get as much work done as possible. For any essays that you wrote with the incorrect prompt, don’t throw them away. They can oftentimes be used to address other, more flexible supplemental essay prompts later on. To be safe, you can save your essay in a PDF format that cannot be edited. Using the online application form, you may be required to enter your essay into a designated online space or box. The essay prompt is there to give you ideas of what to write about. Do not enter the prompt as a header on your essay. You will not be able to tell your entire life story in a 650-word essay, so pick one story that exemplifies how you came to be the unique person you are today and use that as your essay theme. Essay application instructions will indicate which files types are accepted or supported. Check to make sure you are using the appropriate version of Microsoft Word, for example, and submit the file with the correct file extension.

Admission Essay

Admission Essay Living on the Notre Dame campus with other REU students, UND athletes, and other summer school students was a whole other experience that prepared me for the world beyond high school. For 9 weeks, I worked, played and bonded with the other students, and had the opportunity to live the life of an independent college student. Overall, the college application process can be a stressful and daunting time, but the college essay is something that should somewhat be a fun personal project. Picking a good topic doesn’t guarantee a successful college application essay, but it is a crucial first step, and often the most difficult to accomplish. Because of that, teachers can play an important role in setting students up for success. We hope these essays inspire you as you write your own personal statement. Just remember to be original and creative as you share your story. IvySelect is one of the best college counseling firms in the world. Use interesting descriptions, stay away from clichés, include your own offbeat observationsâ€"anything that makes this essay sounds like you and not like anyone else. By the end of the summer, I wasn’t ready to leave the research that I was doing. Through this summer experience, I realized my ambition to pursue a career in research. I always knew that I would want to pursue a future in science, but the exciting world of research where the discoveries are limitless has captured my heart. Sklarow's members also, of course, help students with essays. But he noted that his members adhere to his association's ethics guidelines as well as NACAC guidelines -- and that members talk about ethics all the time. Personally, he said he would offer this guidance to members on how to avoid problems. ” It is a wonder to delve into the Theory of Genre, yet amazing how complex certain topics can be given we give them the time of day. ” This sentence feels like a generalization about the topic of genre as a whole, as opposed to the specific prompt regarding the college admissions essay as a genre. You will have to write multiple drafts, but the first draft is vital because it is finally putting all your ideas and planning into fruition. For writing the actual essay, because I had planned and articulated my thoughts so methodically, words just flowed out of my fingertips into my computer. I told in detail the vivid memory I had, gave an example of a time during school I lived by my mantra, and talked more about how the language barrier affected my life, and made me who I am today. The hardest part of the process was coming up with an idea. I wanted to pick a moment, or a story, that really stuck with me throughout life. This way, you're absolutely sure that the prompt has been responded to effectively, after going through all the writes and re-writes you'll likely do in perfecting your admission essay. This video shows you how to write an effective college admissions essay. To put it another way, in a world where everything else is equal between the applicants, a good essay can make a difference. There are, however, different ways to write college essays that can increase your chance for an admission offer and things you can do that may hurt your chances. The rest of the college application is solely based on numbers like your test scores, transcripts, and more â€" but the essay is your chance to shine and show that you are different from the rest. One thing about writing your college essay the first time is that you have to know it is not going to be perfect. After trying to start essays, only to give up on them a quarter of the way through, I stumbled upon an old essay I had written in 8th grade. The prompt of the essay was to talk about something that you struggled with and overcame. To me, that was the language barrier between my grandfather and me. My grandfather speaks fluent Vietnamese, while I only speak English, so throughout my entire childhood communication was lacking. Although he spoke broken English, the opportunity to tell anecdotes, give advice, and more were nonexistent. However, after really thinking it over, I finally curated a body of words that I am extremely proud of. Note that it's also a good idea to go back and re-read the prompt one last time after you've completed the final draft of your personal statement. Addressing the initial prompt and overall purpose of this entire essay may be a more effective method of conclusion. Writing your college application essay is difficult. A great essay can help you get accepted to your dream school. We want to help you write that great essay and get accepted. I reread that essay four to five times before I decided that it was going to be my college essay topic. Your college essay is something that you should not only be proud of, but also something that you genuinely want to showcase to college admissions offices. The writing piece itself should display your character, goals, and accomplishments. When I was going through the process of writing mine, I struggled because I didn’t think I had a story good enough to tell.

High School Students Should Wear Uniforms Research - 275 Words

High School Students Should Wear Uniforms Research (Essay Sample) Content: NameInstructorCourseDateHigh School Students Should Wear UniformsThe relevance of uniforms in high schools is a controversial topic that draws different opinions from people across political, religious, and economic divides. While proponents cite discipline and equality as some of the reasons uniforms are essential, opponents believe that they limit their freedom as well as individuality. On the other hand, economists opine that they are an unnecessary burden. However, uniforms are beneficial to the learning process since they create a balanced learning environment, teach discipline, and discourage peer influence.According to Felder and Brent, a classroom environment should provide an open learning platform for all students (69). In this regard, there should be a mechanism for ensuring that all learners fit in the system without exposing their social status. Uniforms are an ideal strategy for achieving such milestones since they present no basis for comparing one stud ent to another. As such, they are useful in maintaining equality in a classroom setting. Besides the academic aspect, schools hold the role of imparting discipline to learners. Learning how to wear clean and well-maintained dresses equips them with a life skill. For example, clean socks and well-placed ties are useful grooming aspects even in the workplace. In this regard, uniforms encourage learners to uphold decency and personal hygiene.Finally, uniforms are potential distracters of peer pressure since there is nothing to compare between students. Even though people believe uniforms limit the expression of individuality, they could also lower peer influence. Wearing casual clothes could encourage students to compete for attention, which could make them wear indecently. Consequently, schools should embrace uniforms to mai...

Study of project management - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 18 Words: 5527 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? It is helpfulÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦.to think of culture as analogous to music:(a)If another person hasnt heard a particular piece of music, it is impossible to describe.(b)Before the days of written scores, people had to learn informally by imitation.(c)People were able to exploit the potential of music only when they started writing music scores. (Hall,1973). Culture is a collective phenomenon that is about shared values and meanings. For a successful company a strong connection between organizational structure and culture is very important. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Study of project management" essay for you Create order Organizing is the process of arranging people and other resources to work together to accomplish a goal. Organization structure is a system of tasks, reporting relationships, and communication linkages. Culture is a collective phenomenon that is about shared values and meanings. Strategic mergers are becoming critical components for todays global business strategy. The common causes for the failure in mergers are structural and cultural differences. Before merger the firms need extensive preparation, a relationship of trust between negotiators and long period of post-merger consolidation. 1.1. Research questions What are the organizational designs and key dimensions of culture? What are the factors that influence organizational structure and culture? What are the impacts of organizational structure and culture on merger process? 1.2. Research objectives To describe the organizational designs and key dimensions of culture. To identify the factors that influe nce organizational structure and culture. To describe the impacts of organizational structure and culture on merger Process. 2. Research methodology 2.1. Data collection and data analysis. 2.2. Case study method. 3. Literature review and application 4. Organizational structure: The structure of an organization is the sum total of the ways in which it divides its labour into distinct tasks and then achieves co-ordination among them (Mintzberg, 1979) Managers design the organizational structure to influence employees to achieve wider goals. 4.1. The organizational designs: Organizational design is the process of creating structure that accomplishes mission and objectives. The organizational design consists of 1.Organizational variables, 2.Control variables, and 3.Cultural variables. Organizational variables: The following organizational variables are designed to achieve organizational effectiveness. 1. Decision rights: Indicating who is having the responsibility to approve, implement, and control various types of decisions. It designs the proper allocation of decision rights. 2. Business processes: The set of ordered tasks needed to complete key objectives of the business and includes 1) A beginning and an end,2)Inputs and outputs,3)A set of sub processes that transform the inputs into out puts,4)A set of metrics for measuring effectiveness. 3. Formal reporting relationships: The formal reporting relationship reflects the flow of communication and coordination among the units throughout the organization. 4. Informal networks: Sharin g and transferring knowledge outside the formal reporting relationships for effective function of the organization. Control variables: These are the tools which will help the organization to monitor and evaluate the performance of the organization. 1. Data: Collection of information, evaluation, and providing feedback. 2. Planning: The processes through which the strategic objectives are achieved. 3. Performance measurement and evaluation: The set of measures used to get feedback about execution of plans and the processes. This feed back is used to improve the quality of work. 4. Incentives: used to motivate behavior within an organization. Cultural variables: Set of values and beliefs about what is desirable and undesirable in a community of people. 1. Values: The set of unspoken and clear beliefs that underlines decisions made and actions taken, reflects aspirations about the way things should be done. 4.2. Identifying structural characteristics: Every firm should have a strategic plan which specify the future direction of the business, the responsibilities of the managers should be organized to achieve the strategic plan, for this firms have their organizational structure that identifies responsibilities for each job position and relationships among those positions, the organizational structure also indicates how all the job responsibilities fit together, the organizational structure affects the effectiveness and efficiency with which the firm produces its product and therefore have an impact on the firms value, all business must make decision when choosing a structure that fits its business goals, so therefore needs to understand different types of organizational structure, compare them with each other and try to reduce the disadvantages or negative impacts that the chosen structure might have on the business goal. Different firms use different organizational structures which are influenced by specific characteristics of its business and can affect the firms performance; organizational structures vary among firms according to: Period of control Organizational complexity Use of line versus staff positions 4.2.1.Period of control: this is determined by the top management or the number of employee managed by each manager, when organizational structure is designed so that each manager supervises few employee, it has narrow span of control and when it is designed such that each manager supervises numerous employees, it has a wide span of control. 4.2.2.Organizational complexity: organizational structure can also be defined by its height, a tall organizational structure implies that there are many layers from the bottom of the structure to the top, a short organizational structure means there is no much distance from the bottom of the structure to the top because there are not many layers of employees between the bottom and the top. 4.2.3.Line versus staff position: the job position i n an organizational structure is classified as the line or staff position, they are established to make decision that achieve specific goals, the staff position supports the effort of the line positions, the staff positions provide assistance to the line positions and authority to make decision is assigned to the line position. Various types of organizational structure are affected by all the features listed above; the nature of structure that best suits an organization has to do with the objective and strategy the organization. Although many companies still use the centralized, hierarchal structure that has got many rules and regulations, if the firms strategy fits a centralized kind of structure, there is no need for a change. However, some organizations have a decentralized structure to suit their strategy. It is important to determine the organizational structure that best fit a particular company. A wrong structure can result into poor communication, poor customer service , poor product development, and some other business problems. Any of these issues can be detrimental to an organization and could result in revenue lost or total failure of the organization. The three main types of organizational structures are functional, divisional, matrix structure and network structure 4.3. Types of organizational structure: When working knowledge divides the task of the enterprise into smaller jobs for individuals and groups together in functional, divisional ,matrix or networking forms. 4.3.1. Functional organizational structure: A functional structure is defined as a design that groups similar or related occupational specialties together, functional structure is perhaps the most logical and basic form of departmentalization used mainly by smaller firms because it make efficient use of specialized resources and it also makes supervision easier since each manager would be an expert in only a narrow range of skills, Functional structure have some disadvantages which might surface as the organization grows such that functional managers might find it difficult to report to the head and getting immediate response might be an issue, it will also be difficult to control quality as each department may feel isolated from others which will lead to difficulty working with together in unified way to achieve the organizations goals. 4.3.2.Divisional organizational structure: Divisional organizational structure divides the organization according to the type of work, region, and product and so on, employees are divided based on the product/customer segment/geographical location, it allows for flexibility and quick response to environmental changes. It also enhances innovation but results in duplication of resources because, for example we need to have equipment, for each division. Obviously, it does not support the exchange of knowledge between people working in the same profession because part of them is working in one division and the others are working in other divisions 4.3.3.Matrix organizational structure: Employees are grouped by both function and products in matrix structure. This structure can combine the best of different structure. When matrix structure is used individuals report to more than one superior at the same time, it occurs when product departmentalization is superimposed on a functionally departmentalized organization. In a matrix organization, authority flows both down and across. Matrix have some advantages such as added flexibility and it can also increase productivity, raise morale and nurture creativity and innovation, employees also experience personal development through doing variety of jobs, Matrix structure also have some disadvantages, having employees report to more than one supervisor can cause confusion such as who has responsibility, personality clashes, poor communication, undefined individual roles and unclear responsibilities. 4.3.4. Network organizational Structure Network structure is a modern structure which includes the linking of numerous, separate organization structure to optimize their interaction in order to accomplish a common, overall goal, because it consists of multiple organizations that works together to produce goods and services, a network organizational structure is seen as a more complicated and complex structure than any other structure. In a network structure, administration is the primary function performed and other functions such as engineering, marketing and finance could be contracted out to other organization, a network organization does not manufacture the products it sell most time, network structure is associated with limited formal structure. An advantage of network structure is the flexibility that allows the organization to adjust quickly to changes and some of the challenges faced by managers in network structured organization include controlling the work done by other organizations and the vulnerability associated with relying on outside contractors. 4.4. Comparison of organizational Structures: Functional organization structure :Except the formal administrative units, company also establish a corresponding of functional organizations. Advantage/ Disvantage of Functional organization structure Advantage: It adapt to more complex production technology. Fully exert the function of organization. Moreover, it also reduce the burden of managers. Disadvantage: It prevents the centralized leadership and unified command. This usually cause irresponsibly among the departments. In addition, the contradiction would happen frequently between higher administrative and the guidance. Divisional Organization structure: It is the vast majority of enterprises have adopted the structure.the structure divide organization and personnel into two categories. One is leading institution; the other is personnel institution. Advantage/ Disvantage of U-form Organization Advantage: not only ensure the centralized business management system, but also the person are in charge at all level of administration. Disadvantage: functional cooperation and coordination between department is poor. To overcome these shortcomings, the commission may establish a variety of integrated, or create a variety of meeting system to coordinate all aspect of work. Matrix organizational structure: Matrix system is a series of functions and tasks for the completion of the formation of a temporary project team. It most important feature is a dual channel command system. Matrix system of organization is perpendicular to the line functions of the system which is based on U-form Organization, and add a horizontal leadership system. It is not a long-term organization. Advantage/ Disvantage of Matrix system Advantage: strengthening horizontal linkages, professional equipment and personnel have been fully utilized. Because of the greater mobility, people are easier to help each other and inspire each other. Disadvantage: the members are not fixed. They have provisional ideas, sometimes not strong enough to take a responsibility. In addition, under the dual leadership, it is difficult to clearly define the responsibilities. Network organizational structure: 4.5. Importance of organizational structure in merger process: Effective organizational structure makes responsibility delegation easier and makes it easy to see the organizational change throughout the organizations. It is important to realize the advantage of organizational structure to benefit from a strong framework. Organizational Chart: is a tool that represents employees work responsibilities and reporting relationships. With its reporting structure it shows the structure and hierarchy of employees of their division of work and level of responsibilities in the organization. Distribution of Authority: Organizational structure shows the authority and responsibility distribution throughout an organization. Employees will get awareness of their superiors and subordinates. Communication: Organizational structure makes communication easy between employees in their duties and this enhances information sharing and problem solving. Chain of command: the structure helps employee to know who is engaged in the decision making process. Proper Balancing: Structure helps specific task and activities to be assigned in functional departments which provide a good coordination between departments. Lorachester,2010 4.6. Impact of organizational structure on merge: In the case of merger, two organizations are required to integrate their organizational structure appropriately. Inappropriate organizational structure can cause failure in integration between firms and reduce benefit of merger. Unclear reporting structure has a great tendency to cause merger failure. Reconstructing organizational structure may take some time after a merger and it may cause uncertainty and anxiety amongst employees. Therefore it is important to declare the new organizational structure with clear roles and reporting relationship of employees (SS Brahma). Good organizational structure facilitates communication between individuals or groups within the two organizations. Incompatible structure becomes obstacle for successful communication and achieving the corporation goal become impossible. 4.7. Factors that influence organizational structure: The organizational structure can be influenced by different factors, such as the size of an organization, the environment, technology, efficiency of organizational design, etc. The structure of an organization should be developed in such a way that endorses the strategy and plan of management. It is very significant for managers to be aware of the factors which may have an influence on the structure of an organization. Environment Organizational Design aligns structure with situational Contingency Strategy People Technology Size Figure: A framework for organizational design- aligning structure with situational contingences Environment Stable Environment- Composed of certain and predictable environment. Desires of customers are well known and may remain constant. Few changes take place in such kind of environment and organizations can perform well without frequent change. Bureaucratic organization and mechanistic design fits in such environment. Dynamic Environment- composed of uncertain environment with less predictable elements. The desires of customer are frequently changing. Organizations must be flexible. For such environment, adaptive organizations and organic design is adequate. Strategy Organizational structure should be designed in such a way to fit its strategies. Different strategies need different structure. Organizations may need to change their strategies or mission for better performance and this leads to a change in organizational structure. Stability oriented strategy only few changes occur in the external environment, Bureaucratic organizations and mechanistic design is adequate for such certain strategy. Growth oriented Strategy Strategies is likely to change frequently. Circumstances are complex and uncertain. The operation objectives focus on flexibility of frequent change and innovation. Plans changes regularly and there is a need for improvement. Technology Technology is the way task is done using knowledge, skill, equipment, techniques and human know-how. Advance in technology cause frequent change in an organization. A suitable technology results in high productivity and lower cost for the firm. Technology is a major influence on organizational structure. The right combination of structure and technology are critical to organizational success (Joan Woodward 1960s). Organizational size As the size of an organization become larger and older, the structure becomes more complicated. It is very difficult to manage large organizations without a formal organizational structure, whereas in very small organizations structure can be very simple. Employees can carry out their task based on their needs, skill and/or interest. Tasks can be performed without having a formal work assignment and delegation of authority. In large organizations, the structure is more liked mechanistic. Tasks are highly specialized and more level of management. Work procedure is dictated by rules and strategies. Communication flow is from superior to subordinate. Organization life cycle Organizations undergo in four different stages (birth, Youth, midlife and maturity) to progress. Birth: the beginning stage of an organization. Firms do not have a formal structure. Youth: Organisation is tempting to grow and high focus on customer. Formal structure is designed in this stage with formal work assignment and delegation of authorities. Midlife: In this stage organization accomplish success and developed a complex and formal structure with chain of command. Control becomes very difficult. Maturity: organizational focus is on maintaining the stability of its secured environment. Organisations become less innovative, less focus in expansion. Focus is on efficiency and profitability. An organization may change its position in the life cycle by changing its structure. If an organizations become larger and older, the structure changes. It becomes more complex and its need for more structured and its specialized of tasks increases. People There must be good fit between organisational structure and human resources. Organisational design should allow skilled employees to use their talent and knowledge to the full. 5. Organizational culture: Organizational culture consists of the behavior, actions, and values that people in an enterprise are expected to follow.(Pettigrew, 1979) Organizational culture is a set of values, often taken for granted, that help people in an organization understand which actions are considered acceptable and which are considered unacceptable.(Moorhead Griffin, 1992) 5.1. Key dimensions of an organizational Culture: Measuring key dimensions of an organizational culture provides a composite picture of the organizations culture. This will become the base for the feelings of shared understanding of the members about the organization, how things are done, and the way the members are supposed to behave. The following are the 10 key dimensions of an organizational culture. 1. Member identity: 2. Team emphasis: 3. Management focus: 4. Unit integration: 5. Control: 6. Risk tolerance: 7. Reward criteria: 8. Conflict tolerance: 9. Means versus end orientation: 10. Open-system focus: 5.2. Identifying cultural characteristics: Denison Organizational Culture Model, indicates the external adaptation, internal integration, flexibility, stability as cultural characteristics of the enterprise which influences the prospective of organization. These four ideal characteristics would be reflected by four features (1) involvement, (2) consistency, (3) adaptability and (4) mission. Involvement : referred to the capacity of workers, ownership and responsibility. In the culture characteristic reflects the companys training for staff , the communication between workers, the participation of staff and the responsibility of workers. Three dimension of Involvement Authority: whether workers are very active and fully authorized or not. Are they willing to take a responsibility? And whether they have ownership or motivation. Team-oriented: whether employees relying on the team to complete their work. Is the company encourage employees to cooperate to achieve common goals? Development: whether the company con tinue to invest resources in training staff to enable them to be competitive, to cope with the needs of business development. Consistency : to measure whether the company has strong and cohesive internal culture Three dimension of Consistency Core value: whether company has a set of fundamental value, so that employees have immense identity and have clear expectation of future. Negotiate: does the leader have sufficient capacity of negotiation so that the team can reach relative agreement, and reconcile different opinions in the key issue. Coordinate and integrate: are functional departments and units able to closely collaborate. whether the circumscription between department and unit will become an obstacles to collaborate. Adaptability : mainly refer to capability of adapting the changing from external environment or whether they have ability to aware the sign of market and response quickly. Three dimension of Adaptability Creation and revolution: whether t he company evades to be reliable for the risk of change. Does the company learn to assess the external environment and timely make proper processes as well as implement. Customers first: In the competitive circumstance, it is benefit for a company to conduct their strategies from customer point of view. Does the company understand their customers and make them satisfied further to provide them an expectation to the company future? Organizational learning: is the company able to transform the external change to a great opportunity for absorbing new knowledge and encouragement of innovation. Mission : is used to determine the company is focusing on immediate interest or has long-term strategy and accurate tactics to approach even bigger goal. Three dimension of Mission Company vision: whether the employees have a consensus of companys future. Is this vision identified with by all employees? Strategy oriented: does the company want to be outstanding in this industry? Does the company clearly demonstrate their incentive to the objective and make everyone knows how to make their own contribution in the ongoing strategy? Goal: company needs to formulate a series of comprehensive mission and strategic objective which are related to the employees work can be regarded as reference for staff. In these four characteristics ,each has three dimensions. In these 12 dimensions are relevant to market share, sales growth, innovation of product and service, return on equity, return of investment etc. 5.3. The stages of cultural formation: There are six core questions need to be considered before build the organizational culture fist of all. (1) how to treat customers (2) how to treat employees (3) how to think and define competition (4) how to consider the social and environmental responsibility (5) how to consider cooperation and competition (6) how to understand cost and profit. Secondly, we discuss further the practical formation stages. Deve lopment of the core of organizational culture systems Construction of the surface of organizational culture Implementation and penetration of the core concept of organizational culture Development of the core of organizational culture systems Corporate values and entrepreneurial spirit are the core of organizational culture. First the establishment of corporate value system should be combined with the enterprises own nature, scale, technical characteristics, personnel and other factors. Second, the good values should be considered with the company perspective of overall interest , and integration of employees. Third, the values of an enterprise should consolidate the ideals and creed of all employees,which reflect the direction and goals of company development, one that can regard as a spirit to encourage staff to work. Forth, the company value should be included in a string sense of responsibility, so that the public have a good impression to the company. Constructio n of the surface of organizational culture Mainly refers to the organizational culture and system of the physical level. Construction of organizational culture is including the surface of the hardware business aspects and environment factors. It is involved appropriate rules and regulations, codes of conduct, design banners, badges, songs,and certain hardware facilities. To provide material security for spirit level of organizational culture. Implementation and penetration of the core concept of organizational culture Rules and regulations: the most important rules and regulations should be including the main principle of a enterprise which allow employees to cope with the companys requirement during they work . Such as staff code of conduct, public relations, norms , crisis management, and co-worker relationship. Work and decision-making: by these should indicate daily work and decision-making. The leader should be a model to employee and guide the staff by examples. Ceremony: the various ceremonies and rituals can promote company to be vivid. Such as conferences, exhibitions, celebrations and festivals. Example of role and hero: in order to implement and carry out corporate philosophy, it is necessary to set an example to let the s, staff learn from he/she to make them feel real impact. Education and training: in order to allow employees participate in organizational culture efficiently, enterprise needs to establish a way to broadcast their shared value and information. Such as internal network, newspaper ,forums, and utilize these means to educate and train for their staff. 5.4. Types of culture: Charles Handy(1993) ,generalized 4 culture types. Power culture: is one in which peoples activities are strongly influenced by dominant central figure. Role culture: is one in which peoples activities are strongly influenced by clear and detailed job descriptions and other formal signals as to what is expected of them. Task culture: is one in which the focus of activity is toward completing a task or project using whatever means are appropriate. Person culture: is one in which activity is strongly influenced by the wishes of the individuals who are part of the organization. 5.5. Multiple cultures: A key concern in the culture of any organization is diversity. The term multiculturalism refers to pluralism and respect for diversity in the workplace. They value the talents, ideas, and creative potential of all members. Good characteristics of multicultural organizations are, 1) Pluralism: Members of both alternative cultures and majority cultures are important in setting key values and policies. 2)Structural integration: Members from multiple cultures are given equal opportunity in all levels and in all functional responsibilities. 3)Absence of prejudice and discrimination: A proper guidance and task force actions deal with the need to eliminate culture-group conflicts. 5.6. Culture and performance: We can review the effect of organizational culture on employee behaviour and performance with some key ideas. First the culture of an organization allows employee to understand both the history of the firm and present methods of operation. This knowledge provides guidance about expected future behaviours. Secondly, Organizational culture can foster commitment to corporate philosophy and values. This commitment generates shared feelings of working towards common goals. Thirdly, organizational culture, through its norms, serves as control mechanism to channel behaviours towards desired behaviours and away from undesired behaviours. Finally, certain types of organizational cultures may be related directly to greater effectiveness and productivity than others. 5.6.1. Culture-Performance Relationships Drucher (1975) relates management with culture, people and performance. Managerial behavior is the determinant of organizational culture and performance Organizational culture can have an important effect on firms long-term economic performance Organizational culture will perhaps be an even more significant factor in defining the success or failure of firms. Organizational cultures that obstruct strong long-term financial performance are not rare; they improve easily, even in companies that are filled with sensible and intelligent people Although it is tough to change but if managers understand what sustains the culture organizational cultures can be made more performance enhancing. 5.6.2. Organizational performance: Concept and measurement Organizational performance can be explained by the following equations as illustrated by Davis (1986): Knowledge X Skills = Ability Attitude X Situation = Motivation Ability X Motivation = Human Performance Human Performance X Resources = Organizational performance 5.6.3. Determinants of Organizational Performance High level organizational performance is possible by effective utilization of its total resources, in broader terms; resources can be described as human, technological and capital and performance in terms of productivity and satisfaction of people. Integration of these resources is done by people who are engaged for accomplishing organizational goals. Organization takes in raw material, people, information and energy from its environment and transforms or converts them into products and services that are exported to this environment. Therefore there is an interaction of people, technology and external environment. Obviously it is a social system therefore it needs a culture that drives it goals and resources. 5.7. Importance of culture in merger process : Merger occurs when two or more companies combines to form a single company. There are so many reasons why merger occurred. These might includes gaining market share and increase sales and profitability. The market world today is facing increase competition, in such situation organisations will like merge to have popular strategic tools for increasing products portfolios, entering a new market and acquiring new technologies. On the other hand, 80% of mergers do not reach their financial goals and 50% of the mergers fail. (Nahavandi and Malekzadeh 1993) its true that most merger fail because of financial reasons or economic crisis, and management as well, but we must critically look at the important of culture in the merger process. When two companies merged with different cultures, it will have greater consequences on the organisation. A good example can be seen when two American airline merged call US air and America West. The two airlines had extremely different organisation cultu res. US Airways had an older workforce with highly structured bureaucracy, whereas America West had much younger workforce with entrepreneurial culture. In other for this company to succeed, they must adopt to a common culture that will suits the company. Cultural differences: When employee does not agreed in an organisation because of culture. This will affect their performance in the organisation. Culture play an important role in the way employees will react when they face new business environment. In some situation where merger take place. Some employees have feared that they would lose their jobs; its difficult for some to work with new members within a team. Some employee will as well developed fears not to take risks in the organisation. At such we need to always make sure that we give a lot time for employee to adapt to the new culture. 5.8. Impact of organization culture on merge: Organization culture is one of the most important factors of success or failure of a company. Culture of an organization can be defines as set of norms, values and beliefs. These have developed over time unplanned and emergent. Culture will have an enormous impact on the way a company operates today. The important point about culture is that whilst there may be striking differences between organizations, there are shared understanding within them. The culture does not become established until this shared understanding achieves dominance in the collective thinking of them members of the organization. The dominant culture that develops in an organization is the primarily the product of the aims and methods of founders or their successor in senior management combined with their interaction with variety of internal and external forces. The following points below illustrates some important interrelationships that both produce, are deeply affected by the organization culture Purpose a nd Goals Organization policies Organization structure Employee skills and attitudes Use of technology Customers / competitors Rules and procedures Communication Decision- making mechanisms The purpose and goals of the organization initially trigger the kind of culture that founders of their successors want to see their vision. The extent to which they achieve this culture depends as much on the others factors as on their own leadership. The external environment will also will also play a major role, customers, suppliers shareholders and competitors will exert some influence on what the organization choose to day. However, internally the attitudes of employees, as well as managers will matters a lot. The development of technology and the way its implemented will create an impact on the organization culture. 5.9. Factors that influence organizational culture : Change in management For an organization, change management means defining and implementing procedures and/or technologies to deal with changes in the business environment and to profit from changing opportunities. Change management is one of the main factors that influence organization culture. Change might come in various forms within an organization, such as technological change, change in management staff as well as change in leadership. In the case of technological change within an organization, the organization might adopt this to increase production processes or to improve service quality. In this case the use of technology involves changes to organization. During the 1830s when the industrial revolution started, many organizations changed their management system, work done by hands where later changed to machine. Its affected most organization culture, in the sense that most workers went unemployed, but its increased production and sales and automatically generated more profits which lead to more growth opportunity. Change of business. Change of Business influences organization culture. Its important to note that business employs, sells to, buys from is regulated by and is owned by people. Business includes people from different cultures, every business function managing a workforce, marketing output purchasing supplies , will be subject to potential cultural problems. Firms as well as companies and organization which are form of businesses must be sensitive to these cultural differences in order to predict and control it relationships and operations. Employee Employees are part of an organization, at such they would be unhappy if things are not going well in the organization. In today competitive world, its important for organization to do all they can to keep their employee happy and motivated. Organizational culture plays a vital role amongst our employees. An organization that has a good culture ensures that its employees are satisf ied with the facilities it provides them. This means that taking adequate care of employees ensures organizational effectiveness. This culture also enables employees to work in a comfortable environment that is reflected in the overall efficiency of their work performance. Geographical location Geographical locations influence organization culture, in sense that when companies are located in a particular region, they most adopt to the culture of that area in other to succeed. Geographical location might vary in turns of language; language is a factor that greatly affects cultural stability. When people from the same geographical location speak the same language, culture spreads easily. Since countries see language as an integrate part of their cultures, they sometime regulate their languages for examples by requiring that all business transactions be conducted and all made in labels be printed in their languages. Religion is a strong shaper of value; different geographical loc ation has different religions, at such this affects organization culture in that particular region. Major religion of the world includes Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam and Judaism- as many factions can affects specific beliefs which may affect business. 1. Change of Management. 2. Change of strategies. 3. Change of business. 4. Change of Geographical location. 5. Change of employees 6. Case study (US Air and America West Merger Case) 6.1 Brief summary of the case 6.2. What are the influences of organizational structure and culture in merger Process 6.3. Recommendations for the successful merger of organizational structure and culture in US Air and America west merger case. 7. Findings and Conclusions 8. Recommendations Graphs and tables